Framework for Supporting Custom Signaling Between a Wireless Device and a Cellular Network

ABSTRACT

This disclosure relates to techniques for providing a framework for supporting custom signaling between a wireless device and a cellular network. A wireless device and a cellular base station may establish a wireless link. The wireless device and the cellular base station may perform custom signaling in accordance with the custom signaling framework.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/533,854, entitled “Framework for Supporting Custom SignalingBetween a Wireless Device and a Cellular Network”, filed Nov. 23, 2021,which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/241,720,entitled “Framework for Supporting Custom Signaling Between a WirelessDevice and a Cellular Network”, filed Apr. 27, 2021, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/016,822, entitled“Framework for Supporting Custom Signaling Between a Wireless Device anda Cellular Network,” filed Apr. 28, 2020, all of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety as though fully andcompletely set forth herein.

FIELD

The present application relates to wireless communications, and moreparticularly to systems, apparatuses, and methods for providing aframework for supporting custom signaling between a wireless device anda cellular network.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage. In recentyears, wireless devices such as smart phones and tablet computers havebecome increasingly sophisticated. In addition to supporting telephonecalls, many mobile devices (i.e., user equipment devices or UEs) nowprovide access to the internet, email, text messaging, and navigationusing the global positioning system (GPS), and are capable of operatingsophisticated applications that utilize these functionalities.Additionally, there exist numerous different wireless communicationtechnologies and standards. Some examples of wireless communicationstandards include GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA orTD-SCDMA air interfaces), LTE, LTE Advanced (LTE-A), NR, HSPA, 3GPP2CDMA2000 (e.g., 1×RTT, 1×EV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), IEEE 802.11 (WLAN orWi-Fi), BLUETOOTH™, etc.

The ever increasing number of features and functionality introduced inwireless communication devices also creates a continuous need forimprovement in both wireless communications and in wirelesscommunication devices. In particular, it is important to ensure theaccuracy of transmitted and received signals through user equipment (UE)devices, e.g., through wireless devices such as cellular phones, basestations and relay stations used in wireless cellular communications. Inaddition, increasing the functionality of a UE device can place asignificant strain on the battery life of the UE device. Thus it is veryimportant to also reduce power requirements in UE device designs whileallowing the UE device to maintain good transmit and receive abilitiesfor improved communications. Accordingly, improvements in the field aredesired.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, systems, and methodsfor providing a framework for supporting custom signaling between awireless device and a cellular network.

According to the techniques described herein, certain types of signalingmay be configured for use for custom signaling between wireless devicesand cellular networks, for example according to a framework that mayallow user devices and network equipment to recognize such signaling ascustom signaling.

Such a custom signaling framework can be used to support agreements forimplementing and performing signaling relating to custom or proprietaryfeatures that can be made between various parties, such as between awireless device vendor and a cellular network operator, among otherpossibilities.

For example, a wireless device and a cellular base station could performcustom signaling according to such a custom signaling framework toperform a handshake to confirm mutual support for a custom feature thatis implemented by the wireless device and the cellular base station,and/or for performing signaling related to such a feature (e.g.,enabling or disabling the feature, providing measurements and/orparameters associated with the feature, etc.).

The custom signaling framework could include the use of certain portionsof radio resource control and/or non-access stratum messages forproviding the custom signaling. For example, specified values and fieldsof abstract syntax notation messages could be configured for use forcustom signaling, certain spare bits or fields of radio resource controlor non-access stratum messages could be configured for use for customsignaling, and/or custom signatures could be configured for use forcustom signaling when appended to radio resource control or non-accessstratum messages, among various possibilities.

Note that the techniques described herein may be implemented in and/orused with a number of different types of devices, including but notlimited to base stations, access points, cellular phones, portable mediaplayers, tablet computers, wearable devices, unmanned aerial vehicles,unmanned aerial controllers, automobiles and/or motorized vehicles, andvarious other computing devices.

This Summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some of thesubject matter described in this document. Accordingly, it will beappreciated that the above-described features are merely examples andshould not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subjectmatter described herein in any way. Other features, aspects, andadvantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparentfrom the following Detailed Description, Figures, and Claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present subject matter can be obtainedwhen the following detailed description of various embodiments isconsidered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary (and simplified) wireless communicationsystem, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary base station in communication with anexemplary wireless user equipment (UE) device, according to someembodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a UE, according to someembodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a base station,according to some embodiments; and

FIG. 5 is a signal flow diagram illustrating aspects of an exemplarypossible method for supporting custom signaling between a wirelessdevice and a cellular network, according to some embodiments.

While features described herein are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should beunderstood, however, that the drawings and detailed description theretoare not intended to be limiting to the particular form disclosed, but onthe contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalentsand alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the subjectmatter as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Acronyms

Various acronyms are used throughout the present disclosure. Definitionsof the most prominently used acronyms that may appear throughout thepresent disclosure are provided below:

-   -   UE: User Equipment    -   RF: Radio Frequency    -   BS: Base Station    -   GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication    -   UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System    -   LTE: Long Term Evolution    -   NR: New Radio    -   TX: Transmission/Transmit    -   RX: Reception/Receive    -   RAT: Radio Access Technology    -   TRP: Transmission-Reception-Point

Terms

The following is a glossary of terms that may appear in the presentdisclosure:

Memory Medium—Any of various types of non-transitory memory devices orstorage devices. The term “memory medium” is intended to include aninstallation medium, e.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; acomputer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM,SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; a non-volatile memory such as a Flash,magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage; registers, orother similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium maycomprise other types of non-transitory memory as well or combinationsthereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a firstcomputer system in which the programs are executed, or may be located ina second different computer system which connects to the first computersystem over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, thesecond computer system may provide program instructions to the firstcomputer system for execution. The term “memory medium” may include twoor more memory mediums which may reside in different locations, e.g., indifferent computer systems that are connected over a network. The memorymedium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as computerprograms) that may be executed by one or more processors.

Carrier Medium—a memory medium as described above, as well as a physicaltransmission medium, such as a bus, network, and/or other physicaltransmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical,electromagnetic, or digital signals.

Computer System (or Computer)—any of various types of computing orprocessing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), mainframecomputer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance,personal digital assistant (PDA), television system, grid computingsystem, or other device or combinations of devices. In general, the term“computer system” may be broadly defined to encompass any device (orcombination of devices) having at least one processor that executesinstructions from a memory medium.

User Equipment (UE) (or “UE Device”)—any of various types of computersystems or devices that are mobile or portable and that perform wirelesscommunications. Examples of UE devices include mobile telephones orsmart phones (e.g., iPhone™, Android™-based phones), tablet computers(e.g., iPad™, Samsung Galaxy™), portable gaming devices (e.g., NintendoDS™, PlayStation Portable™, Gameboy Advance™, iPhone™), wearable devices(e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), laptops, PDAs, portable Internetdevices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices,automobiles and/or motor vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)(e.g., drones), UAV controllers (UACs), etc. In general, the term “UE”or “UE device” can be broadly defined to encompass any electronic,computing, and/or telecommunications device (or combination of devices)which is easily transported by a user and capable of wirelesscommunication.

Wireless Device—any of various types of computer systems or devices thatperform wireless communications. A wireless device can be portable (ormobile) or may be stationary or fixed at a certain location. A UE is anexample of a wireless device.

Communication Device—any of various types of computer systems or devicesthat perform communications, where the communications can be wired orwireless. A communication device can be portable (or mobile) or may bestationary or fixed at a certain location. A wireless device is anexample of a communication device. A UE is another example of acommunication device.

Base Station (BS)—The term “Base Station” has the full breadth of itsordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication stationinstalled at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of awireless telephone system or radio system.

Processing Element (or Processor)—refers to various elements orcombinations of elements that are capable of performing a function in adevice, e.g., in a user equipment device or in a cellular networkdevice. Processing elements may include, for example: processors andassociated memory, portions or circuits of individual processor cores,entire processor cores, processor arrays, circuits such as an ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit), programmable hardwareelements such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), as well any ofvarious combinations of the above.

Wi-Fi—The term “Wi-Fi” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, andat least includes a wireless communication network or RAT that isserviced by wireless LAN (WLAN) access points and which providesconnectivity through these access points to the Internet. Most modernWi-Fi networks (or WLAN networks) are based on IEEE 802.11 standards andare marketed under the name “Wi-Fi”. A Wi-Fi (WLAN) network is differentfrom a cellular network.

Automatically—refers to an action or operation performed by a computersystem (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g.,circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc.), without userinput directly specifying or performing the action or operation. Thusthe term “automatically” is in contrast to an operation being manuallyperformed or specified by the user, where the user provides input todirectly perform the operation. An automatic procedure may be initiatedby input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that areperformed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are notperformed “manually”, where the user specifies each action to perform.For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting eachfield and providing input specifying information (e.g., by typinginformation, selecting check boxes, radio selections, etc.) is fillingout the form manually, even though the computer system must update theform in response to the user actions. The form may be automaticallyfilled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g.,software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of theform and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answersto the fields. As indicated above, the user may invoke the automaticfilling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of theform (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields butrather they are being automatically completed). The presentspecification provides various examples of operations beingautomatically performed in response to actions the user has taken.

Configured to—Various components may be described as “configured to”perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broadrecitation generally meaning “having structure that” performs the taskor tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured toperform the task even when the component is not currently performingthat task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors may be configured toelectrically connect a module to another module, even when the twomodules are not connected). In some contexts, “configured to” may be abroad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that”performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component canbe configured to perform the task even when the component is notcurrently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structurecorresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits.

Various components may be described as performing a task or tasks, forconvenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpretedas including the phrase “configured to.” Reciting a component that isconfigured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not toinvoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph six, interpretation for thatcomponent.

FIGS. 1 and 2—Exemplary Communication System

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary (and simplified) wireless communicationsystem in which aspects of this disclosure may be implemented, accordingto some embodiments. It is noted that the system of FIG. 1 is merely oneexample of a possible system, and embodiments may be implemented in anyof various systems, as desired.

As shown, the exemplary wireless communication system includes a basestation 102 which communicates over a transmission medium with one ormore (e.g., an arbitrary number of) user devices 106A, 106B, etc.through 106N. Each of the user devices may be referred to herein as a“user equipment” (UE) or UE device. Thus, the user devices 106 arereferred to as UEs or UE devices.

The base station 102 may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or cellsite, and may include hardware and/or software that enables wirelesscommunication with the UEs 106A through 106N. If the base station 102 isimplemented in the context of LTE, it may alternately be referred to asan ‘eNodeB’ or ‘eNB’. If the base station 102 is implemented in thecontext of 5G NR, it may alternately be referred to as a ‘gNodeB’ or‘gNB’. The base station 102 may also be equipped to communicate with anetwork 100 (e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, atelecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network(PSTN), and/or the Internet, among various possibilities). Thus, thebase station 102 may facilitate communication among the user devicesand/or between the user devices and the network 100. The communicationarea (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a“cell.” As also used herein, from the perspective of UEs, a base stationmay sometimes be considered as representing the network insofar asuplink and downlink communications of the UE are concerned. Thus, a UEcommunicating with one or more base stations in the network may also beinterpreted as the UE communicating with the network.

The base station 102 and the user devices may be configured tocommunicate over the transmission medium using any of various radioaccess technologies (RATs), also referred to as wireless communicationtechnologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (WCDMA),LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LAA/LTE-U, 5G NR, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g.,1×RTT, 1×EV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), Wi-Fi, etc.

Base station 102 and other similar base stations operating according tothe same or a different cellular communication standard may thus beprovided as one or more networks of cells, which may provide continuousor nearly continuous overlapping service to UE 106 and similar devicesover a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.

Note that a UE 106 may be capable of communicating using multiplewireless communication standards. For example, a UE 106 might beconfigured to communicate using either or both of a 3GPP cellularcommunication standard or a 3GPP2 cellular communication standard. Insome embodiments, the UE 106 may be configured to perform customsignaling according to a framework for performing custom signalingbetween a wireless device and a cellular network, such as according tothe various methods described herein. The UE 106 might also oralternatively be configured to communicate using WLAN, BLUETOOTH™, oneor more global navigational satellite systems (GNSS, e.g., GPS orGLONASS), one and/or more mobile television broadcasting standards(e.g., ATSC-M/H), etc. Other combinations of wireless communicationstandards (including more than two wireless communication standards) arealso possible.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary user equipment 106 (e.g., one of thedevices 106A through 106N) in communication with the base station 102,according to some embodiments. The UE 106 may be a device with wirelessnetwork connectivity such as a mobile phone, a hand-held device, awearable device, a computer or a tablet, an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), an unmanned aerial controller (UAC), an automobile, or virtuallyany type of wireless device. The UE 106 may include a processor(processing element) that is configured to execute program instructionsstored in memory. The UE 106 may perform any of the method embodimentsdescribed herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively,or in addition, the UE 106 may include a programmable hardware elementsuch as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array), an integrated circuit,and/or any of various other possible hardware components that areconfigured to perform (e.g., individually or in combination) any of themethod embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the methodembodiments described herein. The UE 106 may be configured tocommunicate using any of multiple wireless communication protocols. Forexample, the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using two or moreof CDMA2000, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, WLAN, or GNSS. Other combinations ofwireless communication standards are also possible.

The UE 106 may include one or more antennas for communicating using oneor more wireless communication protocols according to one or more RATstandards. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may share one or more partsof a receive chain and/or transmit chain between multiple wirelesscommunication standards. The shared radio may include a single antenna,or may include multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performingwireless communications. In general, a radio may include any combinationof a baseband processor, analog RF signal processing circuitry (e.g.,including filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc.), or digitalprocessing circuitry (e.g., for digital modulation as well as otherdigital processing). Similarly, the radio may implement one or morereceive and transmit chains using the aforementioned hardware.

In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include separate transmit and/orreceive chains (e.g., including separate antennas and other radiocomponents) for each wireless communication protocol with which it isconfigured to communicate. As a further possibility, the UE 106 mayinclude one or more radios that are shared between multiple wirelesscommunication protocols, and one or more radios that are usedexclusively by a single wireless communication protocol. For example,the UE 106 may include a shared radio for communicating using either ofLTE or CDMA2000 1×RTT (or LTE or NR, or LTE or GSM), and separate radiosfor communicating using each of Wi-Fi and BLUETOOTH™. Otherconfigurations are also possible.

FIG. 3—Block Diagram of an Exemplary UE Device

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary UE 106, according tosome embodiments. As shown, the UE 106 may include a system on chip(SOC) 300, which may include portions for various purposes. For example,as shown, the SOC 300 may include processor(s) 302 which may executeprogram instructions for the UE 106 and display circuitry 304 which mayperform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display360. The SOC 300 may also include sensor circuitry 370, which mayinclude components for sensing or measuring any of a variety of possiblecharacteristics or parameters of the UE 106. For example, the sensorcircuitry 370 may include motion sensing circuitry configured to detectmotion of the UE 106, for example using a gyroscope, accelerometer,and/or any of various other motion sensing components. As anotherpossibility, the sensor circuitry 370 may include one or moretemperature sensing components, for example for measuring thetemperature of each of one or more antenna panels and/or othercomponents of the UE 106. Any of various other possible types of sensorcircuitry may also or alternatively be included in UE 106, as desired.The processor(s) 302 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU)340, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor(s)302 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory306, read only memory (ROM) 350, NAND flash memory 310) and/or to othercircuits or devices, such as the display circuitry 304, radio 330,connector I/F 320, and/or display 360. The MMU 340 may be configured toperform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In someembodiments, the MMU 340 may be included as a portion of theprocessor(s) 302.

As shown, the SOC 300 may be coupled to various other circuits of the UE106. For example, the UE 106 may include various types of memory (e.g.,including NAND flash 310), a connector interface 320 (e.g., for couplingto a computer system, dock, charging station, etc.), the display 360,and wireless communication circuitry 330 (e.g., for LTE, LTE-A, NR,CDMA2000, BLUETOOTH™, Wi-Fi, GPS, etc.). The UE device 106 may includeat least one antenna (e.g. 335 a), and possibly multiple antennas (e.g.illustrated by antennas 335 a and 335 b), for performing wirelesscommunication with base stations and/or other devices. Antennas 335 aand 335 b are shown by way of example, and UE device 106 may includefewer or more antennas. Overall, the one or more antennas arecollectively referred to as antenna 335. For example, the UE device 106may use antenna 335 to perform the wireless communication with the aidof radio circuitry 330. As noted above, the UE may be configured tocommunicate wirelessly using multiple wireless communication standardsin some embodiments.

The UE 106 may include hardware and software components for implementingmethods for the UE 106 to perform techniques for performing customsignaling according to a framework for performing custom signalingbetween a wireless device and a cellular network, such as describedfurther subsequently herein. The processor(s) 302 of the UE device 106may be configured to implement part or all of the methods describedherein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memorymedium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Inother embodiments, processor(s) 302 may be configured as a programmablehardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or asan ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Furthermore,processor(s) 302 may be coupled to and/or may interoperate with othercomponents as shown in FIG. 3, to perform custom signaling according toa framework for performing custom signaling between a wireless deviceand a cellular network according to various embodiments disclosedherein. Processor(s) 302 may also implement various other applicationsand/or end-user applications running on UE 106.

In some embodiments, radio 330 may include separate controllersdedicated to controlling communications for various respective RATstandards. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, radio 330 may include aWi-Fi controller 352, a cellular controller (e.g. LTE and/or LTE-Acontroller) 354, and BLUETOOTH™ controller 356, and in at least someembodiments, one or more or all of these controllers may be implementedas respective integrated circuits (ICs or chips, for short) incommunication with each other and with SOC 300 (and more specificallywith processor(s) 302). For example, Wi-Fi controller 352 maycommunicate with cellular controller 354 over a cell-ISM link or WCIinterface, and/or BLUETOOTH™ controller 356 may communicate withcellular controller 354 over a cell-ISM link, etc. While three separatecontrollers are illustrated within radio 330, other embodiments havefewer or more similar controllers for various different RATs that may beimplemented in UE device 106.

Further, embodiments in which controllers may implement functionalityassociated with multiple radio access technologies are also envisioned.For example, according to some embodiments, the cellular controller 354may, in addition to hardware and/or software components for performingcellular communication, include hardware and/or software components forperforming one or more activities associated with Wi-Fi, such as Wi-Fipreamble detection, and/or generation and transmission of Wi-Fi physicallayer preamble signals.

FIG. 4—Block Diagram of an Exemplary Base Station

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary base station 102,according to some embodiments. It is noted that the base station of FIG.4 is merely one example of a possible base station. As shown, the basestation 102 may include processor(s) 404 which may execute programinstructions for the base station 102. The processor(s) 404 may also becoupled to memory management unit (MMU) 440, which may be configured toreceive addresses from the processor(s) 404 and translate thoseaddresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 460 and read only memory(ROM) 450) or to other circuits or devices.

The base station 102 may include at least one network port 470. Thenetwork port 470 may be configured to couple to a telephone network andprovide a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106, access to thetelephone network as described above in FIGS. 1 and 2. The network port470 (or an additional network port) may also or alternatively beconfigured to couple to a cellular network, e.g., a core network of acellular service provider. The core network may provide mobility relatedservices and/or other services to a plurality of devices, such as UEdevices 106. In some cases, the network port 470 may couple to atelephone network via the core network, and/or the core network mayprovide a telephone network (e.g., among other UE devices serviced bythe cellular service provider).

The base station 102 may include at least one antenna 434, and possiblymultiple antennas. The antenna(s) 434 may be configured to operate as awireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate withUE devices 106 via radio 430. The antenna(s) 434 communicates with theradio 430 via communication chain 432. Communication chain 432 may be areceive chain, a transmit chain or both. The radio 430 may be designedto communicate via various wireless telecommunication standards,including, but not limited to, NR, LTE, LTE-A WCDMA, CDMA2000, etc. Theprocessor 404 of the base station 102 may be configured to implementand/or support implementation of part or all of the methods describedherein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memorymedium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium).Alternatively, the processor 404 may be configured as a programmablehardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or asan ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or a combinationthereof. In the case of certain RATs, for example Wi-Fi, base station102 may be designed as an access point (AP), in which case network port470 may be implemented to provide access to a wide area network and/orlocal area network (s), e.g., it may include at least one Ethernet port,and radio 430 may be designed to communicate according to the Wi-Fistandard.

FIG. 5—Framework for Custom Signaling Between a Wireless Device and aCellular Network

FIG. 5 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method for performingcustom signaling according to a framework for performing customsignaling between a wireless device and a cellular network, at leastaccording to some embodiments.

Aspects of the method of FIG. 5 may be implemented by a wireless deviceand/or a cellular base station, such as a UE 106 and a BS 102illustrated in and described with respect to various of the Figuresherein, or more generally in conjunction with any of the computercircuitry, systems, devices, elements, or components shown in the aboveFigures, among others, as desired. For example, a processor (and/orother hardware) of such a device may be configured to cause the deviceto perform any combination of the illustrated method elements and/orother method elements.

Note that while at least some elements of the method of FIG. 5 aredescribed in a manner relating to the use of communication techniquesand/or features associated with 3GPP and/or NR specification documents,such description is not intended to be limiting to the disclosure, andaspects of the method of FIG. 5 may be used in any suitable wirelesscommunication system, as desired. In various embodiments, some of theelements of the methods shown may be performed concurrently, in adifferent order than shown, may be substituted for by other methodelements, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also beperformed as desired. As shown, the method of FIG. 5 may operate asfollows.

In 502, the wireless device may establish a wireless link with thecellular base station. According to some embodiments, the wireless linkmay include a cellular link according to 5G NR. For example, thewireless device may establish a session with an AMF entity of thecellular network by way of one or more gNBs that provide radio access tothe cellular network. As another possibility, the wireless link mayinclude a cellular link according to LTE. For example, the wirelessdevice may establish a session with a mobility management entity of thecellular network by way of an eNB that provides radio access to thecellular network. Other types of cellular links are also possible, andthe cellular network may also or alternatively operate according toanother cellular communication technology (e.g., UMTS, CDMA2000, GSM,etc.), according to various embodiments.

Establishing the wireless link may include establishing a RRC connectionwith a serving cellular base station, at least according to someembodiments. Establishing the first RRC connection may includeconfiguring various parameters for communication between the wirelessdevice and the cellular base station, establishing context informationfor the wireless device, and/or any of various other possible features,e.g., relating to establishing an air interface for the wireless deviceto perform cellular communication with a cellular network associatedwith the cellular base station. After establishing the RRC connection,the wireless device may operate in a RRC connected state. In someinstances, the RRC connection may also be released (e.g., after acertain period of inactivity with respect to data communication), inwhich case the wireless device may operate in a RRC idle state or a RRCinactive state. In some instances, the wireless device may performhandover (e.g., while in RRC connected mode) or cell re-selection (e.g.,while in RRC idle or RRC inactive mode) to a new serving cell, e.g., dueto wireless device mobility, changing wireless medium conditions, and/orfor any of various other possible reasons.

At least in some instances, establishing the wireless link(s) mayinclude the wireless device providing capability information for thewireless device. Such capability information may include informationrelating to any of a variety of types of wireless device capabilities.Such information could include information indicative of a wirelessdevice type of the wireless device and/or a 3GPP release version of thewireless device, information indicating whether the wireless devicesupports one or more custom signaling features, and/or any of variousother possible types of capability information, according to variousembodiments.

In 504, the wireless device and the cellular network may perform customsignaling according to a custom signaling framework. The customsignaling may include signaling provided from the wireless device to thecellular network and/or signaling provided from the cellular network tothe wireless device. The custom signaling may be provided using one ormore of RRC or non-access stratum (NAS) messages, at least according tosome embodiments.

The custom signaling may include signaling that is custom to any or allof the cellular network, the wireless device type, the 3GPP releaseversion of either or both of the wireless device and the cellular basestation, and/or to any of various other possible parameters or sets ofparameters. For example, in some instances, the custom signaling mayinclude signaling support for a feature that is agreed to be supportedbetween a cellular network operator and wireless devices of a specifictype (e.g., those sold by a specific wireless device vendor, those of aspecific wireless device model, etc.) and/or of at least a certain 3GPPrelease version when agreed upon signaling is used in accordance withthe custom signaling framework. As another possibility, the customsignaling could include signaling to enable or disable a custom feature,or to provide information (e.g., one or more measurement or parametervalues) in conjunction with a custom feature. Numerous other use casesare also possible.

The custom signaling framework may provide support for one or morecustom signaling mechanisms. As one such possible mechanism, specifiedvalues and/or fields of abstract syntax notation (ASN1) messages may beconfigured for use for custom signaling between a wireless device and acellular network. Thus, according to some embodiments, it may bepossible that the wireless device transmits custom signaling to thecellular base station using one or more values and fields of ASN1messages that are configured for use for custom signaling, and/or thatthe cellular base station transmits custom signaling to the wirelessdevice using one or more values and fields of ASN1 messages that areconfigured for use for custom signaling.

As another possible mechanism, spare bits and/or fields of one or moreof radio resource control (RRC) or non-access stratum (NAS) messages maybe configured for use for custom signaling between a wireless device anda cellular network. Thus, according to some embodiments, it may bepossible that the wireless device transmits custom signaling to thecellular base station using one or more spare bits and/or fields of oneor more RRC or NAS messages that are configured for use for customsignaling, and/or that the cellular base station transmits customsignaling to the wireless device using one or more spare bits and/orfields of one or more RRC or NAS messages that are configured for usefor custom signaling.

Note that in such a scenario, the use of spare bits and/or fields of RRCand/or NAS messages for custom signaling may be supported further basedat least in part on a 3GPP release version of the wireless device, atleast according to some embodiments. For example, it may be possiblethat one or more bits and/or fields of RRC and/or NAS messages that arespecified as spare for some (e.g., earlier) 3GPP release versions arenot specified as spare for other (e.g., later) 3GPP release versions. Insuch a scenario, whether those fields are determined to be used forcustom signaling according to the custom signaling framework or for a3GPP specified purpose may depend on the 3GPP release version of thedevice transmitting the signaling, at least according to someembodiments.

As a still further possible mechanism, it may be the case that a customsignature can be appended to one or more of a RRC message or a NASmessage between a wireless device and a cellular network to perform thecustom signaling. Thus, according to some embodiments, it may bepossible that the wireless device transmits custom signaling to thecellular base station by appending a custom signature that is configuredfor use for custom signaling to one or more RRC or NAS messages, and/orthat the cellular base station transmits custom signaling to thewireless device by appending a custom signature that is configured foruse for custom signaling to one or more RRC or NAS messages.

When the wireless device or the cellular base station supports thecustom signaling framework and receives the custom signaling from theother, it may be able to determine that the custom signaling is customsignaling based at least in part on the custom signaling being receivedin accordance with the custom signaling framework. Thus, for example,the wireless device or the cellular base station may determine thatsignaling received is custom signaling in accordance with the customsignaling framework based at least in part on the signaling includingone or more values and/or fields of ASN1 messages configured for use forcustom signaling, using one or more spare RRC and/or NAS bits and/orfields configured for use for custom signaling, and/or including one ormore custom signatures configured for use for custom signaling appendedto one or more RRC and/or NAS messages, among various possibilities. Thedevice receiving the custom signaling may then further attempt todetermine (e.g., by parsing or decoding the custom signaling) what isbeing indicated by the custom signaling, e.g., in accordance with anycustom signaling agreement or agreements that have been established foruse between the devices.

Note that at least in some instances, it may be the case that if one orthe other of the wireless device or the cellular network does notsupport the specific custom signaling used by the other party, thatparty may be able to ignore the custom signaling and perform theirprotocol procedures as otherwise specified.

Thus, at least according to some embodiments, the method of FIG. 5 maybe used to provide a framework for supporting custom signaling between awireless device and a cellular network. Such a framework may helpfacilitate easier introductions of new custom features, e.g., as theavailability of an existing framework for custom signaling may reducebarriers for introducing those new custom features, at least in someinstances.

Additional Information

The following information includes further aspects that might be used inconjunction with the method of FIG. 5 if desired. It should be noted,however, that these exemplary details are not intended to be limiting tothe disclosure as a whole: numerous variations and alternatives to thedetails provided herein below are possible and should be consideredwithin the scope of the disclosure.

3GPP ASN1 doesn't currently provide the flexibility of customizedRRC/NAS signaling between a UE and NW. Accordingly, it may be the casethat in order for a UE and NW to perform a handshake procedure for aspecific (e.g., custom) feature, a 3GPP specification change may bemade. Obtaining 3GPP specification changes and (e.g., subsequently)implementing the relevant software changes on the UE and NW side maytake a relatively long time, which may (at least in some instances) leadto longer times to launch specific/custom features.

Accordingly, it may be useful to provide a generalized principle forcreating custom signaling to facilitate handshaking between a UE and aNW without the need for a 3GPP specification change. Such a frameworkmay be useful for RRC signaling and/or any other messages being providedfrom the UE to the network, and vice versa.

Custom signaling according to such a framework may be useful, as oneexample, in case a UE supports a (e.g., custom) feature and if thefeature needs some sort of assistance from or has some sort of impact onthe network such that the custom signaling may be useful to share theintent from the UE to the network, and vice versa.

As one general approach, custom signaling messages can be created and aset of rules can be associated to these custom signaling messages, whichmay be known to the specific UE and NW implementation. The UEs and NWsthat don't understand this custom signaling may be able to ignore thesemessages and continue their regular protocol procedures. The customsignaling and rules may be defined in such a way that it is forwardcompatible, and also that it doesn't break any existing protocolprocedures.

As one possible example use case, consider a feature in which a UE cantrigger a secondary cell group (SCG) failure procedure for internalreasons (e.g., thermal constraints, power saving considerations, etc.),e.g., that may be unrelated to the actual performance of the secondarycell group. In such a scenario, the UE may be able to indicate this tothe network via custom signaling, e.g., so that the network can performthe SCG failure procedure but can choose to not count the SCG failuretowards their key performance indicator (KPI) processing.

As a first example of how such custom signaling could be supported,specific values and fields in ASN1 messages, e.g., such that they arestill within ASN1 range but will not be used in practical or commercialdeployments, can be used for custom signaling. For example, consideringagain the preceding example use case, the following ASN1 message couldbe provided by a UE to indicate to a NW to initiate SCG failure but tonot count this SCG failure towards their KPIs.

value UL-DCCH-Message ::= {  message messageClassExtension : c2 :scgFailureInformationNR-r15 :   {    criticalExtensions c1 :scgFailureInformationNR-r15 :     {      failureReportSCG-NR-r15      {      failureType-r15 t310-Expiry       measResultFreqListNR-r15       {       ARFCN-ValueNR-r15 0        MeasResultCellNR-r15        {        pci-r15 0,         measResultCell-r15         {         }       }       }      }     }   } }

In this example, ARFCN is set as 0 (which is currently not valid incommercial deployment) along with PCI being 0 and measResults beingempty, which together can be defined as a unique signature indicating toinitiate SCG failure but to not count these SCG failures towards theirKPIs.

Note that while in this example the measurement results are empty, insome instances, it may be the case that a UE also has measurementresults to report. In such a scenario, it may be the case that the firstentry of measResultFreqListNR-r15 may include the custom signature, andany further entries may be used to provide those (e.g., actual)measurement results, as one possibility. Other configurations are alsopossible.

As a second example of how such custom signaling could be supported,spare bits and/or fields in RRC and/or NAS messages could be used forcustom signaling. UEs that support such custom messages can include thespare bits in RRC and NAS signaling messages. Note that it may be thecase that NWs that support such custom messages may consider these sparebits as custom signaling information elements (IEs) only if the UE'srelease version belongs to a particular category/type associated withuse of those spare bits as custom signaling IEs. For example, in R153GPP may define Spare 1 as one of the fields in FailureType. In R16Spare 1 can be changed to t312-Expiry. Hence, to maintain forwardcompatibility, it may be the case that the NW considers the value ofFailureType=8 as Spare 1 for a R15 UE and consider it as customsignaling, whereas it should consider FailureType=8 as t312-expiry for aR16 UE. As an example, the following message could be used to providecustom signaling (e.g., again for the preceding example use case) insuch a manner:

FailureReportSCG ::= SEQUENCE {  failureType ENUMERATED {   t310-Expiry,randomAccessProblem,   rlc-MaxNumRetx,   synchReconfigFailureSCG,scg-ReconfigFailure,   srb3-IntegrityFailure, spare2, spare1}, measResultFreqList MeasResultFreqList OPTIONAL,  measResultSCG-FailureOCTETSTRING (CONTAINING  MeasResultSCG-Failure) OPTIONAL,  ... }

As a third example of how such custom signaling could be supported, itmay be possible to append a custom signature after an RRC/NAS message.For example, consider an example in which the encoded ASN1 message ofRRC Security Mode complete is 0x01 0x0A 0x0E. To perform customsignaling, a UE may be able to append a special signature (e.g., 0xDE0xAD 0xBE 0xEF, as an arbitrary example) after the RRC Security modeASN1 encoded message. At the NW side, the ASN1 decoder would decode andunderstand the message through the 0x01 0x0A 0x0E byte stream, and wouldignore the appended signature 0xDE 0xAD 0xBE 0xEF. If the NW doessupport such a mechanism of custom signaling, the NW may be configuredto (e.g, may include software configured to) note the point at which theASN1 decoder skipped the remaining byte stream and determine it to be acustom signature from the UE, and may treat the UE in accordance withthe custom signaling.

In the following further exemplary embodiments are provided.

One set of embodiments may include a method, comprising: by a wirelessdevice: performing custom signaling with a cellular network according toa custom signaling framework

Another set of embodiments may include a method, comprising: by acellular network element: performing custom signaling with a wirelessdevice according to a custom signaling framework.

According to some embodiments, according to the custom signalingframework, specified values and fields of abstract syntax notation(ASN1) messages are configured for use for custom signaling between awireless device and a cellular network.

According to some embodiments, according to the custom signalingframework, spare bits and/or fields of one or more of radio resourcecontrol (RRC) or non-access stratum (NAS) messages are configured foruse for custom signaling between a wireless device and a cellularnetwork.

According to some embodiments, according to the custom signalingframework, use of spare bits and/or fields of one or more of RRC or NASmessages for custom signaling is supported further based at least inpart on a third generation partnership program (3GPP) release version ofthe wireless device.

According to some embodiments, according to the custom signalingframework, a custom signature can be appended to one or more of a radioresource control (RRC) message or a non-access stratum (NAS) messagebetween a wireless device and a cellular network.

A further exemplary embodiment may include a method, comprising:performing, by a device, any or all parts of the preceding examples.

Another exemplary embodiment may include a device, comprising: anantenna; a radio coupled to the antenna; and a processing elementoperably coupled to the radio, wherein the device is configured toimplement any or all parts of the preceding examples.

A further exemplary set of embodiments may include a non-transitorycomputer accessible memory medium comprising program instructions which,when executed at a device, cause the device to implement any or allparts of any of the preceding examples.

A still further exemplary set of embodiments may include a computerprogram comprising instructions for performing any or all parts of anyof the preceding examples.

Yet another exemplary set of embodiments may include an apparatuscomprising means for performing any or all of the elements of any of thepreceding examples.

Still another exemplary set of embodiments may include an apparatuscomprising a processing element configured to cause a device to performany or all of the elements of any of the preceding examples.

It is well understood that the use of personally identifiableinformation should follow privacy policies and practices that aregenerally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmentalrequirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular,personally identifiable information data should be managed and handledso as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use,and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

Any of the methods described herein for operating a user equipment (UE)may be the basis of a corresponding method for operating a base station,by interpreting each message/signal X received by the UE in the downlinkas message/signal X transmitted by the base station, and eachmessage/signal Y transmitted in the uplink by the UE as a message/signalY received by the base station.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be realized in any of variousforms. For example, in some embodiments, the present subject matter maybe realized as a computer-implemented method, a computer-readable memorymedium, or a computer system. In other embodiments, the present subjectmatter may be realized using one or more custom-designed hardwaredevices such as ASICs. In other embodiments, the present subject mattermay be realized using one or more programmable hardware elements such asFPGAs.

In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium(e.g., a non-transitory memory element) may be configured so that itstores program instructions and/or data, where the program instructions,if executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform amethod, e.g., any of a method embodiments described herein, or, anycombination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subsetof any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combinationof such subsets.

In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a UE) may be configured to includea processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium (or memoryelement), where the memory medium stores program instructions, where theprocessor is configured to read and execute the program instructionsfrom the memory medium, where the program instructions are executable toimplement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or,any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, anysubset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, anycombination of such subsets). The device may be realized in any ofvarious forms.

Although the embodiments above have been described in considerabledetail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent tothose skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated.It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace allsuch variations and modifications.

1. A base station, comprising: an antenna; a radio operably coupled tothe antenna; and a processor operably coupled to the radio; wherein thebase station is configured to: decode signaling received from a wirelessdevice; and determine that the signaling received from the wirelessdevice includes a trigger for secondary cell group (SCG) failure basedon the signaling including an absolute radio frequency channel number(ARFCN) field with a value of 0, a physical cell identity (PCI) fieldwith a value of 0, and a measurement results field being empty.
 2. Thebase station of claim 1, wherein the base station is further configuredto: perform a SCG failure procedure for the wireless device based on thesignaling received from the wireless device.
 3. The base station ofclaim 1, wherein the SCG failure is not counted toward key performanceindicator (KPI) processing for the network element based on thesignaling received from the wireless device.
 4. The base station ofclaim 1, wherein the ARFCN field with a value of 0, the PCI field with avalue of 0, and the measurement results field being empty form a customsignature configured to indicate to initiate SCG failure withoutcounting the SCG failure towards key performance indicators (KPIs) forthe base station.
 5. The base station of claim 1, wherein a first entryof a measResultFreqListNR-r15 information element (IE) received from thewireless device includes the signaling including the ARFCN field with avalue of 0, the PCI field with a value of 0, and the measurement resultsfield being empty.
 6. A method, comprising: by a base station: decodingsignaling received from a wireless device; and determining that thesignaling received from the wireless device includes a trigger forsecondary cell group (SCG) failure based on the signaling including anabsolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) field with a value of 0,a physical cell identity (PCI) field with a value of 0, and ameasurement results field being empty.
 7. The method of claim 6, whereinthe method further comprises: performing a SCG failure procedure for thewireless device based on the signaling received from the wirelessdevice.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the SCG failure is not countedtoward key performance indicator (KPI) processing for the networkelement based on the signaling received from the wireless device.
 9. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the ARFCN field with a value of 0, the PCIfield with a value of 0, and the measurement results field being emptyform a custom signature configured to indicate to initiate SCG failurewithout counting the SCG failure towards key performance indicators(KPIs) for the base station.
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein a firstentry of a measResultFreqListNR-r15 information element (IE) receivedfrom the wireless device includes the signaling including the ARFCNfield with a value of 0, the PCI field with a value of 0, and themeasurement results field being empty.
 11. A network element,comprising: an antenna; a radio operably coupled to the antenna; and aprocessor operably coupled to the radio; wherein the network element isconfigured to: establish a wireless link with a wireless device; receivesignaling from the wireless device; and determine that the signalingreceived from the wireless device includes custom signaling based oninclusion of one or more specified values and fields of abstract syntaxnotation (ASN1) messages, wherein the one or more specified values andfields of ASN1 messages include an absolute radio frequency channelnumber (ARFCN) field with a value of
 0. 12. The network element of claim11, wherein the custom signaling includes a request to trigger secondarycell group (SCG) failure for the wireless device.
 13. The networkelement of claim 12, wherein the network element is further configuredto: perform a SCG failure procedure based on the signaling received fromthe wireless device.
 14. The network element of claim 13, wherein theSCG failure is not counted toward key performance indicator (KPI)processing for the network element based on the signaling received fromthe wireless device.
 15. The network element of claim 11, wherein theone or more specified values and fields of ASN1 messages include aphysical cell identity (PCI) field with a value of
 0. 16. The networkelement of claim 11, wherein the one or more specified values and fieldsof ASN1 messages include a measurement results field being empty. 17.The network element of claim 11, wherein the network element includes acellular base station.
 18. A mobile device, comprising: an antenna; aradio operably coupled to the antenna; and a processor operably coupledto the radio; wherein the mobile device is configured to: transmitsignaling to a cellular base station, wherein the signaling transmittedto the cellular base station includes a trigger for secondary cell group(SCG) failure based on the signaling including an absolute radiofrequency channel number (ARFCN) field with a value of 0, a physicalcell identity (PCI) field with a value of 0, and a measurement resultsfield being empty.
 19. The mobile device of claim 18, wherein thesignaling transmitted to the cellular base station indicates to notcount the. SCG failure toward key performance indicator (KPI) processingfor the cellular base station.
 20. The mobile device of claim 18,wherein the ARFCN field with a value of 0, the PCI field with a value of0, and the measurement results field being empty form a custom signatureconfigured to indicate to initiate SCG failure without counting the SCGfailure towards key performance indicators (KPIs) for the cellular basestation.
 21. The mobile device of claim 18, wherein the mobile device isfurther configured to: determine to trigger the SCG failure based atleast in part on one or more reasons internal to the mobile device. 22.The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the one or more reasons internalto the mobile device include one or more mobile device thermalconstraints.
 23. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the one or morereasons internal to the mobile device include power saving.
 24. Themobile device of claim 18, wherein a first entry of ameasResultFreqListNR-r15 information element (IE) transmitted to thecellular base station includes the signaling including the ARFCN fieldwith a value of 0, the PCI field with a value of 0, and the measurementresults field being empty.